Countries have resources to support their economy and to feed their people, but often they either do not have enough resources or there is an absence of certain resources. To make up for any shortfall in resources, various commodities have to be imported, i.e. those commodities have to be brought to the country that needs…
A ship incurs numerous costs during a voyage. Among the costs are the following : Operational costs (if she is being operated by her owner); daily hire costs if being chartered; Fuel costs (heavy fuel oil, marine diesel oil and lubricating oil.) A ship with conventional propulsion will use heavy fuel oil mostly when at…
Harbour tugs that were designed to work in South African harbours had also as salvage tugs when required. However, their design was not really suitable for heavy seas, especially as their foredeck was short and they did not have a raised fo’c’sle. When they headed into heavy seas, they took a lot of water inboard,…
A specialist marine services company is appointed to have an Emergency Towing Vessel on standby at all times. Such a company must have the following for a salvage operation: Expertise (i.e. people with knowledge and experience of salvage) Equipment (Tug, pumps, generators, compressors, pipes, …….and much more) Large amounts of money (Helicopters, other vessels, and…
The Turkish-owned bulk carrier Seli 1 that broke down and went ashore at Table View near Cape Town in 2009. She was carrying a cargo of coal. She could not be refloated and was later cut up. Photograph : Brian Ingpen Some Definitions Salvage : The voluntary saving of a ship and/or her cargo from…
Chandling services provide stores for the ship. These could be engineroom stores and spares, or paint, additional mooring lines, or food, beverages, cleaning equipment and detergents. Some chandling companies specialise in engineroom stores, and others food, while others may specialise in supplies for the deck department. Other chandlers supply the full range of requirements for…
Because they are exposed to salt water and salt water spray, ships need constant maintenance to prevent serous corrosion of the steel from which they are made. If corrosion is not checked, steel plates or steel “ribs” will weaken and could be seriously damaged by the sea, with possible loss of life or loss of…
Stevedores are those people who load and discharge cargoes. For each hold being worked, conventional cargoships required teams of about 12 men on the wharf and 12 men in the hold. A five-hatch cargoship working all holds would require about 120 men for one shift. If the ship was to work more than one shift,…
The following message was received by BAYSHIP, the agents for the bulker Pacific Trader at Richards Bay. Note : Petcoke is a form of coal that is used in the steel industry. Using the information given to you in the message, draw a diagram of the ship BOW TO STERN. In addition, note that she…
From the time a ship berths in a port, all efforts are geared to ensure that she sails as soon as possible. Delays cost money as a ship pays port dues for the time she is in port. Delays to cargowork can also cause additional costs if labour has to be kept on standby. To…
