This website has been compiled for the guidance of and use by grade 11 learners taking Nautical Science as one of their secondary school subjects. It follows the approved national curriculum for the subject and comprises four parts, namely Navigation, Seamanship, Meteorology and Communications. Although it has been written for grade 11 learners, it forms…
By parallel sailing we mean travelling along a parallel of latitude from one place to another. This means that one would either be travelling directly westward or eastward [270° (T) or 090° (T)]. The distance along a parallel of latitude between two particular meridians decreases as the meridians converge towards the poles. The distance decreases…
When we refer to plane sailing we mean sailing from one position to another where the latitude and longitude of each is different to the other. Because we are using a mean latitude, this method is not very accurate over long distances and should be confined to distances of 600 nautical miles or less. To…
Read through the extract from lloyd’s register below. You will need to use some of the information in this extract to answer some of the questions Sometimes a part-cargo of one product is available for shipment. Several of these part-cargoes can be shipped in one ship, usually a Panamax or a Handysize bulker. The following…
Grain Trades – Whenever a drought occurs, additional grain needs to be imported. The drought in South Africa during the 2015-2016 summer grain growing season resulted in the country needing about 4 million tons of additional grain, most of which was imported from Argentina. This swelled the demand for handysize bulkers (especially the Supramaxes) in the…
Coal Trades – Steam coal is used for powerstations, while higher quality coal is used mainly in the steel industry. An annual increase in demand for steam coal occurs from September to February to meet the need for greater electricity generation during the northern hemisphere’s cold and dark winter months. This in turn, increases the demand…
Iron Ore Trades – Brazil, north-western Australia and South Africa are among the major producers of iron ore that is moved in Capesize ships to China, Japan, Korea, Europe and numerous other industrialised countries that produce significant amounts of steel. From 2001 to 2008, a surge in Chinese steel production brought a wave of iron ore…
Study the details in the extract from Lloyd’s Register above and answer the questions set. Why is MDO used every day on a ship, yet HFO is used only at sea? IVS Gleneagles began a charter on arrival at Saldanha Bay at 00:01 on 7 July. Using her own cranes as there are no shoreside…
